Lithium-ion Battery Market Size, Growth, Share & Analysis Report 2030

Name: Lithium-ion Battery Market Size, Growth, Share & Analysis Report 2030
Creator: Mordor Intelligence
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Global Lithium-ion Battery Market Size and Share

Market Overview

Study Period	2020 - 2030
Market Size (2025)	USD 113.61 Billion
Market Size (2030)	USD 304.22 Billion
Growth Rate (2025 - 2030)	21.77% CAGR
Fastest Growing Market	Asia-Pacific
Largest Market	Asia-Pacific
Market Concentration	Medium
Major Players *Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

Global Lithium-ion Battery Market (2025 - 2030) — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

Global Lithium-ion Battery Market Analysis by Mordor Intelligence

The Global Lithium-ion Battery Market size is estimated at USD 113.61 billion in 2025, and is expected to reach USD 304.22 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 21.77% during the forecast period (2025-2030).

Momentum comes from steep cost deflation—average pack prices fell to USD 115 kWh in 2024, their sharpest annual drop since 2017—and from policy mandates that require large-scale electrification across transport and power systems. A 55% market share in Asia-Pacific reflects China’s command of cell production and anode materials, while North America and Europe accelerate localisation to hedge supply risk. Product innovation pivots around energy density gains, with silicon-rich anodes moving toward commercial viability. Utilities are adopting multi-hour storage to stabilise renewable generation, and automakers shift entry-level EVs toward cost-oriented LFP chemistry. Together these factors reinforce a virtuous cycle of rising volumes and falling cost that underpins long-term demand.

Key Report Takeaways

By product type, Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt held 45% of lithium-ion battery market share in 2024; Lithium Iron Phosphate is projected to expand at a 23.4% CAGR through 2030.
By form factor, cylindrical cells led with 50% revenue share in 2024, while pouch cells record the fastest growth at 22.5% CAGR to 2030.
By power capacity, 3,001–10,000 mAh cells accounted for 35% share of the lithium-ion battery market size in 2024; cells above 60,000 mAh are forecast to advance at 27.7% CAGR.
By end-use industry, automotive commanded 55% of the lithium-ion battery market size in 2024, whereas stationary storage is expected to grow at 28.9% CAGR to 2030.
By geography, Asia-Pacific captured 55% of lithium-ion battery market share in 2024; the region is projected to post a 31% CAGR, the highest globally.

Global Lithium-ion Battery Market Trends and Insights

Drivers Impact Analysis

Driver	(~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast	Geographic Relevance	Impact Timeline
Surging demand for high-energy-density batteries in long-range EVs	5.30%	North America & Europe	Medium term (2-4 years)
China’s “Made in China 2025” gigafactory build-out	4.80%	Asia-Pacific & global spillover	Medium term (2-4 years)
Rapid roll-out of US utility-scale storage procurements	3.90%	North America	Short term (≤2 years)
Nordic data-centre migration from VRLA to lithium-ion	2.70%	Europe (Nordics)	Medium term (2-4 years)

Source: Mordor Intelligence

Surging Demand for High-Energy-Density Batteries in Long-Range EV Platforms

Manufacturers are pushing beyond 300 Wh kg⁻¹ toward cells that promise 400-mile driving range without enlarging packs. Silicon-dominant anodes raise specific energy by up to 40% relative to graphite.^{[1]International Council on Clean Transportation, “Silicon Anodes and the Next Leap in EV Range,” theicct.org} The move coincides with adoption of cell-to-pack architectures that reduce structural weight and lower production cost. Price parity with incumbent chemistries is now expected before 2029, three years sooner than earlier estimates. Automakers view these advances as critical to mainstream EV acceptance in North America and Europe, markets where range anxiety remains a primary hurdle. As a result, procurement contracts increasingly stipulate energy density targets, creating new premium niches in the lithium-ion battery market.

China’s Industrial Policy (“Made in China 2025”) Accelerating Domestic Li-ion Gigafactory Build-out

China shipped 93.5% of global energy-storage batteries in 2024, reflecting unrivalled scale in cell manufacturing and upstream materials. Vertical integration spans raw-material refining through module assembly, enabling production costs roughly 20% below European peers despite similar commodity inputs. Champion supplier CATL leverages this cost edge to expand in Indonesia, securing nickel supply, and in Hungary, where a multi-GWh plant will serve European OEMs. The policy-driven surge cements China’s supplier dominance and forces rival regions to subsidise local projects to preserve strategic autonomy. This structural advantage sustains a pivotal role for Chinese firms in the lithium-ion battery market.

Rapid Roll-out of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage Procurements in the United States

United States utility-scale battery capacity rose 66% to 26 GW in 2024, with an additional 12.3 GW under contract.^{[2]International Energy Agency, “Battery Supply Chain Review 2024,” iea.org} California leads with 7.3 GW installed and Texas follows at 3.2 GW. Procurement cycles have compressed from years to months, driven by standardised 4-hour systems that serve both energy-arbitrage and frequency-regulation revenue streams. As merchant revenues from ancillary services decline, asset owners adopt stacked revenue models combining capacity, resource adequacy and wholesale market trading. This demand profile encourages battery makers to design long-life, high-cycle products distinct from automotive cells, enlarging addressable volume within the lithium-ion battery market.

Stationary Data-Centre Back-up Migration from VRLA to Lithium-ion in Nordic Countries

Data-centre operators in Sweden, Finland and Denmark specify lithium-ion batteries to unlock up to 70% space savings compared with VRLA units, a critical metric where real-estate cost is high. Lithium-ion chemistry also tolerates sub-zero ambient temperatures typical of Nordic sites without performance degradation, cutting HVAC energy use. Longer service life and reduced maintenance offset higher capital cost, yielding lower total cost of ownership over a 15-year horizon. The trend gains momentum as hyperscale cloud providers publish design guides standardising lithium-ion back-up, reinforcing adoption across the regional colocation market.

Restraints Impact Analysis

Restraint	(~) % Impact on CAGR Forecast	Geographic Relevance	Impact Timeline
Graphite anode supply tightness from Chinese environmental curtailments	–2.5%	North America & Europe	Medium term (2-4 years)
High-voltage electrolyte additive cost inflation post-Ukraine conflict	–1.8%	Europe & global spillover	Short term (≤2 years)

Source: Mordor Intelligence

Graphite Anode Supply Tightness Owing to Chinese Environmental Curtailments

China supplies about 90% of global anode material. Temporary shutdowns in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia cut output 15% during 2024 environmental inspections. Downstream cell plants in the United States and Europe reported lead-time extensions and spot-price increases, exposing geographic concentration risk. Synthetic graphite projects in South Korea and the United States aim to diversify supply; however, commercial volumes will lag demand for several years. Shortage risk prompts some automakers to evaluate silicon-rich anodes faster than planned, reshaping material roadmaps across the lithium-ion battery market.

High-Voltage Electrolyte Additive Cost Inflation Post-Ukraine Conflict

Fluorinated solvents enabling 4.4 V operation saw prices rise 30-40% following disruptions at Ukrainian and Russian producers that held 15% global share pre-2024. European cell makers absorbed higher costs or reformulated electrolytes at the expense of cycle life. Research programmes now explore synthetic routes with wider raw-material bases to rebuild resilience. This episode underscores geopolitical exposure for specialty chemicals critical to premium cell formats and places near-term cost pressure on high-energy NMC and NCA products in the lithium-ion battery market.

Segment Analysis

By Product Type: LFP Challenges NMC Dominance

NMC accounted for 45% of lithium-ion battery market share in 2024, supported by its high energy density that suits premium EVs. The lithium-ion battery market size for LFP is forecast to rise at 23.4% CAGR through 2030, eroding NMC’s lead as cost-sensitive models proliferate. Improved cathode coatings and tighter cell tolerances lift LFP energy density into ranges once reserved for nickel-rich chemistries, lowering total pack cost and mitigating cobalt-price volatility.

Demand trajectories are diverging by application. NMC retains a foothold in performance EVs and aerospace projects requiring maximal range, whereas LCO maintains relevance in flagship consumer electronics. LTO and LMFP serve niche use cases where extreme cycle life or temperature tolerance is paramount. Cross-chemistry hybridisation—such as adding manganese to LFP—highlights how suppliers customise electro-chemistry to address specific performance envelopes inside the lithium-ion battery industry.

Market Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Market: Chart for Application — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

By Form Factor: Design Flexibility Drives Pouch Growth

Cylindrical cells held 50% of the lithium-ion battery market in 2024, anchored by automotive incumbents exploiting highly automated assembly lines. Pouch cells, however, expand 22.5% CAGR by 2030 as their thin profile enables higher packing efficiency in constrained spaces. Comparative testing shows pouch formats deliver 6–8% higher gravimetric energy at pack level when integrated into skateboard chassis.

Prismatic cells, representing around 40% of shipments, strike a balance between mechanical robustness and volumetric efficiency, making them popular among Chinese bus and truck platforms. The form-factor landscape thus segments by OEM design philosophy: Tesla’s 4680 cylindrical cell roadmap prioritises scale and energy density, while BYD’s blade-style prismatics champion safety and cost. This coexistence demonstrates how differentiated strategies thrive within the diversified lithium-ion battery market.

By Power Capacity: High-Capacity Cells Enable New Applications

Cells above 60,000 mAh log the fastest growth at 27.7% CAGR, mirroring surging adoption of heavy-duty EVs and grid storage projects. The lithium-ion battery market size for this band benefits from bespoke factories that handle thicker electrodes and wider plates, lowering manufacturing cost per kilowatt-hour.

Conversely, the 3,001–10,000 mAh class held a 35% share in 2024, underpinning smartphones, laptops and tablets. Continuous incremental gains in electrode density keep this mass-market segment extremely price competitive. Wearable and IoT devices continue to rely on sub-3,000 mAh micro-cells where footprint outweighs capacity, while the 10,001–60,000 mAh mid-band serves power tools and light mobility. Each bracket spawns targeted innovations, from advanced electrolyte additives that curb swelling in small cells to active cooling plates for high-capacity modules, reinforcing specialisation across the lithium-ion battery market.

Global Lithium-Ion Battery Market — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

By End-use Industry: Storage Systems Outpace Automotive Growth

Stationary energy storage is projected to outgrow every other segment at 28.9% CAGR to 2030. Multi-hour systems smooth solar and wind variability, with global shipments hitting 369.8 GWh in 2024, up 64.9% year on year. Utilities now procure giga-scale batteries alongside solar farms, creating a dedicated supply chain for long-cycle chemistries.

Automotive maintained a 55% stake of the lithium-ion battery market size in 2024 as EV sales reached 20% of global light-duty volume. Consumer electronics, though mature, remains sizable, driven by feature-rich smartphones and AR devices requiring ever greater power density. Industrial segments migrate away from lead-acid toward lithium-ion for power tools and material-handling equipment, reflecting total cost of ownership benefits. Niche aerospace, defense and marine applications command premium margins that reward suppliers able to certify rigorous safety standards.

Geography Analysis

Asia-Pacific commanded 55% of the lithium-ion battery market in 2024 and is forecast to post a 31% CAGR to 2030. China alone accounts for roughly 70% of global cell output and 90% of anode materials, leveraging economies of scale and integrated supply chains.^{[3]Batteries Europe, “Strategic Research Agenda for Batteries 2025 Update,” batterieseurope.eu} Japan and South Korea continue to focus on high-performance chemistries, while India accelerates domestic gigafactory builds under its Production-Linked Incentive programme targeting 104 GWh annual capacity by 2030.

North America benefits from the Inflation Reduction Act, with cell nameplate capacity projected to reach 1,300 GWh yr⁻¹ by 2030, sufficient for 10 million EVs.^{[4]Argonne National Laboratory, “Battery Manufacturing in North America: Capacity Outlook,” anl.gov} New plants cluster along the Midwest-to-Southeast corridor where battery-grade nickel, lithium-hydroxide and recycling facilities co-locate. Challenges remain in scaling precursor cathode materials, prompting joint ventures with Asian partners to transfer process know-how.

Europe seeks 30% of global cell production by 2030, led by Poland’s 115 GWh LG Energy Solution complex and new projects in Hungary. Strict carbon-footprint regulations push manufacturers toward renewable electricity and robust recycling schemes. Meanwhile, South America monetises lithium brine resources, with Argentina’s Sal de Vida targeting 15 kt yr⁻¹ of battery-grade carbonate. The Middle East & Africa leverages critical mineral partnerships, exemplified by a Ugandan lithium-ion pack plant serving regional solar-plus-storage demand.

Market Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Market: Forecasted Growth Rate by Region — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

Competitive Landscape

The five largest cell makers—CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic and Samsung SDI—controlled about 70% of global shipments in 2024, giving the lithium-ion battery market a moderately concentrated profile. Chinese firms occupied eight of the top ten positions, with CATL alone dispatching nearly 110 GWh, equivalent to 29.5% share. Scale translates into cost leadership, allowing aggressive pricing that squeezes new entrants.

Strategic moves centre on vertical integration. CATL secures upstream nickel through Indonesian joint ventures, while LG Energy Solution brings LFP lines in-house at its Michigan plant to diversify chemistry options. Suppliers also invest in closed-loop recycling, hedging raw-material volatility and meeting emerging regulatory requirements. Western challengers emphasise technology differentiation; Northvolt positions itself on sustainable sourcing and low carbon intensity, whereas QuantumScape and Solid Power target solid-state breakthroughs.

Emerging disruptors pursue niche opportunities outside mass-market automotive. Saft focuses on high-reliability aerospace batteries, Toshiba pushes SCiB LTO for rapid-charge buses and marine vessels, and Farasis prototypes high-manganese cathodes for long-haul trucks. More than 20 companies aim for solid-state mass production before 2030, signalling a potential technology inflection that could reshape competitive hierarchies within the lithium-ion battery market.

Global Lithium-ion Battery Industry Leaders

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd. (CATL)
BYD Company Limited
LG Energy Solution Ltd.
Panasonic Holdings Corp.
SK On Co., Ltd.
*Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order

Lithium-Ion Battery Market Concentration — Image © Mordor Intelligence. Reuse requires attribution under CC BY 4.0.

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Recent Industry Developments

May 2025: LG Energy Solution started volume production of LFP batteries for energy-storage systems at its Michigan facility, targeting 25% of US ESS demand.
May 2025: Webber Electrocorp unveiled a smart BMS compliant with AIS-156 Phase II, featuring thermal runaway alerts for 48-60 V EV packs.
April 2025: CATL declared plans to raise at least USD 5 billion via a Hong Kong listing to fund a new battery plant in Hungary and partner on a European joint venture.
January 2025: The Faraday Institution reported breakthroughs in lithium-ion research, including collaborations with Chile and Argentina to strengthen supply chains.

Table of Contents for Global Lithium-ion Battery Industry Report

1. Introduction

1.1 Study Assumptions & Market Definition
1.2 Scope of the Study

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Landscape

4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Market Drivers
- 4.2.1 Surging Demand for High-Energy-Density Batteries in Long-Range EV Platforms
- 4.2.2 China's Industrial Policy ("Made in China 2025") Accelerating Domestic Li-ion Gigafactory Build-out
- 4.2.3 Rapid Roll-out of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage Procurements in the United States
- 4.2.4 Stationary Data-centre Back-up Migration from VRLA to Lithium-ion in Nordic Countries
- 4.2.5 Maritime IMO GHG targets Driving Marine-Grade Li-ion Adoption in Europe
- 4.2.6 OEM Shift to LFP Chemistry for Cost-Sensitive Entry-Level EVs in India
4.3 Market Restraints
- 4.3.1 Graphite Anode Supply Tightness Owing to Chinese Environmental Curtailments
- 4.3.2 High-Voltage Electrolyte Additive Cost Inflation Post-Ukraine Conflict
- 4.3.3 US-EU Trade Barriers on Critical Minerals Undermining Trans-Atlantic Supply Chains
- 4.3.4 Recycling Infrastructure Lag Delaying Circular Material Flows in Oceania
4.4 Supply-Chain Analysis
4.5 Recent Trends & Developments
4.6 Regulatory Outlook
4.7 Technology Outlook
4.8 Price Trend Analysis
4.9 Porter's Five Forces
- 4.9.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.9.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 4.9.3 Threat of New Entrants
- 4.9.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 4.9.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5. Market Size & Growth Forecasts

5.1 By Product Type
- 5.1.1 Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)
- 5.1.2 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
- 5.1.3 Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
- 5.1.4 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA)
- 5.1.5 Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
- 5.1.6 Lithium Titanate (LTO)
5.2 By Form Factor
- 5.2.1 Cylindrical
- 5.2.2 Prismatic
- 5.2.3 Pouch
5.3 By Power Capacity
- 5.3.1 0-3,000 mAh
- 5.3.2 3,001-10,000 mAh
- 5.3.3 10,001-60,000 mAh
- 5.3.4 >60,000 mAh
5.4 By End-use Industry
- 5.4.1 Automotive (EV, HEV, PHEV)
- 5.4.2 Consumer Electronics
- 5.4.3 Industrial and Power Tools
- 5.4.4 Stationary Energy Storage
- 5.4.5 Aerospace and Defense
- 5.4.6 Marine
5.5 By Geography
- 5.5.1 North America
- 5.5.1.1 United States
- 5.5.1.2 Canada
- 5.5.1.3 Mexico
- 5.5.2 Europe
- 5.5.2.1 United Kingdom
- 5.5.2.2 Germany
- 5.5.2.3 France
- 5.5.2.4 Spain
- 5.5.2.5 Nordic Countries
- 5.5.2.6 Russia
- 5.5.2.7 Rest of Europe
- 5.5.3 Asia-Pacific
- 5.5.3.1 China
- 5.5.3.2 India
- 5.5.3.3 Japan
- 5.5.3.4 South Korea
- 5.5.3.5 Malaysia
- 5.5.3.6 Thailand
- 5.5.3.7 Indonesia
- 5.5.3.8 Vietnam
- 5.5.3.9 Australia
- 5.5.3.10 Rest of Asia-Pacific
- 5.5.4 South America
- 5.5.4.1 Brazil
- 5.5.4.2 Argentina
- 5.5.4.3 Colombia
- 5.5.4.4 Rest of South America
- 5.5.5 Middle East and Africa
- 5.5.5.1 United Arab Emirates
- 5.5.5.2 Saudi Arabia
- 5.5.5.3 South Africa
- 5.5.5.4 Egypt
- 5.5.5.5 Rest of Middle East and Africa

6. Competitive Landscape

6.1 Market Concentration
6.2 Strategic Moves (M&A, Partnerships, PPAs)
6.3 Market Share Analysis (Market Rank/Share for key companies)
6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global level Overview, Market level overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Products & Services, and Recent Developments)
- 6.4.1 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd. (CATL)
- 6.4.2 BYD Company Limited
- 6.4.3 LG Energy Solution Ltd.
- 6.4.4 Panasonic Holdings Corp.
- 6.4.5 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.6 SK On Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.7 AESC (Envision AESC Group)
- 6.4.8 CALB Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.9 Gotion High-Tech Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.10 EVE Energy Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.11 Farasis Energy Inc.
- 6.4.12 Sunwoda Electronic Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.13 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- 6.4.14 VARTA AG
- 6.4.15 Toshiba Corporation
- 6.4.16 Saft Groupe SAS
- 6.4.17 Northvolt AB
- 6.4.18 Microvast Holdings, Inc.
- 6.4.19 A123 Systems LLC
- 6.4.20 Hitachi Energy Ltd.
- 6.4.21 Lithium Werks BV
- 6.4.22 Tesla Inc. (Battery Division)

7. Market Opportunities & Future Outlook

7.1 White-space & Unmet-Need Assessment

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Global Lithium-ion Battery Market Report Scope

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that consists of an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Different types of anode and cathode materials allow designers to design batteries depending on their applications. Lithium-ion batteries are preferred over other batteries mainly due to their high energy density.

The lithium-ion battery market is segmented by application and geography. By application, the market is segmented into electronic devices, automobiles, stationary energy storage, and other applications. The report also covers the market size and forecasts for the lithium-ion batteries market across major regions, such as Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. For each segment, the market sizes and forecasts have been done based on revenue (USD).

By Product Type	Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)
	Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA)
	Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
	Lithium Titanate (LTO)
By Form Factor	Cylindrical
	Prismatic
	Pouch
By Power Capacity	0-3,000 mAh
	3,001-10,000 mAh
	10,001-60,000 mAh
	>60,000 mAh
By End-use Industry	Automotive (EV, HEV, PHEV)
	Consumer Electronics
	Industrial and Power Tools
	Stationary Energy Storage
	Aerospace and Defense
	Marine

By Geography	North America	United States
		Canada
		Mexico

	Europe	United Kingdom
		Germany
		France
		Spain
		Nordic Countries
		Russia
		Rest of Europe

	Asia-Pacific	China
		India
		Japan
		South Korea
		Malaysia
		Thailand
		Indonesia
		Vietnam
		Australia
		Rest of Asia-Pacific

	South America	Brazil
		Argentina
		Colombia
		Rest of South America

	Middle East and Africa	United Arab Emirates
		Saudi Arabia
		South Africa
		Egypt
		Rest of Middle East and Africa

By Product Type

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA)

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)

Lithium Titanate (LTO)

By Form Factor

Cylindrical

Prismatic

Pouch

By Power Capacity

0-3,000 mAh

3,001-10,000 mAh

10,001-60,000 mAh

>60,000 mAh

By End-use Industry

Automotive (EV, HEV, PHEV)

Consumer Electronics

Industrial and Power Tools

Stationary Energy Storage

Aerospace and Defense

Marine

By Geography

North America	United States
	Canada
	Mexico
Europe	United Kingdom
	Germany
	France
	Spain
	Nordic Countries
	Russia
	Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific	China
	India
	Japan
	South Korea
	Malaysia
	Thailand
	Indonesia
	Vietnam
	Australia
	Rest of Asia-Pacific
South America	Brazil
	Argentina
	Colombia
	Rest of South America
Middle East and Africa	United Arab Emirates
	Saudi Arabia
	South Africa
	Egypt
	Rest of Middle East and Africa

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Key Questions Answered in the Report

What is the current size of the lithium-ion battery market?

The market stands at USD 94.85 billion in 2024 and is projected to expand to USD 304.22 billion by 2030.

Which chemistry is growing fastest in the lithium-ion battery market?

Lithium Iron Phosphate is forecast to grow at 23.4% CAGR through 2030, outpacing other chemistries.

Why does Asia-Pacific dominate lithium-ion battery supply?

China’s integrated manufacturing ecosystem delivers more than 70% of global cell output and secures upstream materials, giving the region a 55% market share in 2024.

How fast is the US utility-scale storage sector expanding?

Installed capacity reached 26 GW in 2024, a 66% increase over 2023, with procurement timelines shortening markedly.

What factors constrain lithium-ion battery growth?

Graphite anode supply tightness due to Chinese environmental curbs and high-voltage electrolyte additive cost inflation linked to the Ukraine conflict are key headwinds.

When could solid-state batteries enter mass production?

More than 20 companies target commercial rollout between 2027 and 2030, potentially reshaping competitive dynamics.